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81.
A 0.3% Au/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness (IW) method was investigated in the continuous-flow liquid-phase glucose oxidation. Therefore, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system equipped with an ultrasonic separator was used. The continuous-flow glucose oxidation was carried out at 40 °C, pH 9 and 1 bar oxygen partial pressure. Residence time and glucose concentration were varied. The IW gold catalyst showed very high activity and selectivity to gluconic acid within its 110 days of operation and, thus, an excellent long-term stability. Even after severe microbial contaminations of the catalyst, its activity could be completely restored by in situ regeneration with 2-propanol. 相似文献
82.
Ag-3a/oMg was oxidized in air over the range of 400–900°C. Internal-oxide bands of MgO formed approximately parallel to the surface, the first band appearing at some finite, but irregular depth below the surface. The region between the surface and the first band appeared to be free of precipitates, but TEM showed that very small clusters, about 50 Å in diameter, formed in the PFZ, causing significant hardness (greater than 300 VHN). The clusters contain more oxygen than that corresponding to stoichiometric MgO. The hardness between oxide bands was also high, but not as high as in the PFZ. The kinetics of thickening of the internal-band region followed the parabolic rate law between 400 and 700° C, with departures from the parabolic law occurring at higher temperatures. The activation energy for the parabolic rate constants was 19.4 Kcal/mol, a value less than the total for oxygen diffusion and oxygen dissolution. The reaction front was planar and parallel to the surface prior to band formation at temperatures of 400–600° C. Nucleation of the first band resulted in nonplanar and nonparallel oxide. Little or no correlation existed between grain boundaries and oxide formation. Nodules of virtually pure silver formed on the surface initially at grain boundaries and subsequently within grains. Nodule formation is attributed to stress-enhanced (resulting from strains associated with precipitation) diffusion of silver to the surface via dislocation pipes. Internal-band formation is discussed in terms of prior data in the literature and various models. It is thought that stress effects (induced by precipitation), nucleation, and clustering of oxygen with Mg play significant roles in causing internal-band formation. 相似文献
83.
The oxidation behavior of Ti-Si alloys (0.25, 0.5, and 1 Wt. % Si) was investigated between 550 and 700°C; in oxygen by continuous thermogravimetry for a maximum duration of about 500 hr and, in air by daily weighing for durations from a few hundred to several thousand hours. The kinetics results revealed that the presence of silicon leads to a decrease in oxidation rate which is more evident when the temperature is raised and the silicon content is increased. Morphological and structural examinations revealed that silicon modifies the internal architecture of oxide layers when compared with unalloyed titanium; in particular, reduced porosity in the layers is observed. Analysis showed that silicon is uniformly distributed in the oxide layer. However, while part of the silicon is in solid solution in the rutile, some is also precipitated as small crystals ( <1 m at 850°C) of SiO2, of cristobalite structure. The adherence of oxide layers to the metal substrate was measured after cooling of samples; the addition of silicon has been observed to modify, in a manner dependent on its content, the adherence of oxide layers. 相似文献
84.
Preparation of micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy and its thermal shock resistance property 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
JIANG Zhaohua ZENG Xiaobin and YAO Zhongping Department of Applied Chemistry Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China 《稀有金属(英文版)》2006,25(3):270-273
1. Introduction Due to their high specific strength, good electro-magnetic shielding characteristics, high damping characteristics, good cast ability, and excellent pol-ishing capability, magnesium alloys are extensively used in aeronautical, automobile, and electro- communication industries [1-3]. But magnesium has some disadvantages, such as low chemical stability, high negative electric potential, and low hardness, so it is necessary to use surface disposal to accommo-date the demand for re… 相似文献
85.
Controlled experiments to study corrosion effects due to external varying fields in embedded pipelines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present controlled laboratory tests carried out to study corrosion effects due to induction currents on pipes embedded in environments with electrical resistance lateral discontinuities. Sacrificial anodes were connected to underground pipes, and corrosion rates were estimated by measuring the mass loss in each anode. We considered 1 Hz and 50 Hz inducting fields, and the effects produced on the pipes were compared with cases without an external field. The results indicated an increase in the corrosion rate when the pipe was under the effect of induction currents, particularly where there was a change of electrical resistance in the soil. 相似文献
86.
Dong-Bok Lee 《Metals and Materials International》2005,11(4):313-317
An alloy of 51.23Ti−48.73Al−0.4Fe (at.%) was oxidized at 800, 900 and 1000°C in air to determine the effect of Fe on oxidation.
The scales formed consisted of an outer TiO2 layer, an intermediate Al2O3 layer, and an inner mixed (TiO2 Al2O3) layer, typical of conventional TiAl alloys. A small amount of dissolved Fe ions was weakly segregated in the outer TiO2 layer and also in the inner (TiO2−Al2O3) mixed layer. Ti2AIN and TiN were detected in the scale in some instances. A thin, oxygen-affected Ti3Al sublayer formed at the oxide-substrate interface. The overall oxidation kinetics and the scale morphology were not affected
by Fe-addition. 相似文献
87.
88.
Ionically conductive polypyrrole films have been deposited at 295 K from anhydrous acetonitrile, acetonitrile/H2O and NaBF4 aqueous solutions onto platinum, mild steel and stainless steel discs, using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques. Cyclic voltammetry of the polymer films has been studied as a function of water content of the acetonitrile solvent, polypyrrole concentration and potential sweep rate. Potentiostatic growth of thicker (< 30 micron) films on stainless steel allowed free-standing polypyrrole membranes to be produced. Well adherent and conductive films were deposited at constant potential in stirred solutions from acetonitrile electrolytes containing 1% (v/v) of water. The membrane resistivity of the reduced films in 0.5 mol dm− 3 KCl(aq) at 295 K was ≈ 1 × 106 Ω cm, while the resistivity of the oxidised membrane was 2700 Ω cm. 相似文献
89.
SHENDe-jiu WANGYu-lin GUWei-chao XING Guang-zhong Key Laboratory ofMetastable Materials Science Technology Yanshan University. Qinhuangdao Hebei P. R. China 《材料热处理学报》2004,25(5)
STEEL is the most widely used material in engineering,but unfortunately,steel exhibits poor wear resistanceand obvious contact corrosion.For decades,researchersprepared coatings on steel to improve its properties;ceramic is one of these coatings.To obtain ceramiccoatings on steel,many researchers use techniques suchas plasma spraying,laser cladding,etc.,but some ofthem are too expensive,some of them have a deep heataffected zone in the substrate,and some of them cannot bond well with the subs… 相似文献
90.
A low carbon steel was oxidized isothermally at temperatures of 1100–1250 °C for up to 2 h in air, and the oxide scales were
examined. Several hundred micrometer-thick scales formed owing to poor oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Scales consisting
mainly of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and FeO spalled easily, owing to the formation of voids and cracks in the scales. All the alloying elements were also oxidized
and incorporated in the iron oxide scales, depending on their local concentration in the matrix. 相似文献